Peri-implant assessment via cone beam computed tomography and digital periapical radiography: an ex vivo study.

OBJECTIVES: This research evaluated detail registration in peri-implant bone using two different cone beam computer tomography systems and a digital periapical radiograph. METHODS: Three different image acquisition protocols were established for each cone beam computer tomography apparatus, and three clinical situations were simulated in an ex vivo fresh pig mandible: buccal bone defect, peri-implant bone defect, and bone contact. Data were subjected to two analyses: quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative analyses involved a comparison of real specimen measures using a digital caliper in three regions of the preserved buccal bone - A, B and E (control group) - to cone beam computer tomography images obtained with different protocols (kp1, kp2, kp3, ip1, ip2, and ip3). In the qualitative analyses, the ability to register peri-implant details via tomography and digital periapical radiography was verified, as indicated by twelve evaluators. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). RESULTS: The quantitative assessment showed means statistically equal to those of the control group under the following conditions: buccal bone defect B and E with kp1 and ip1, peri-implant bone defect E with kp2 and kp3, and bone contact A with kp1, kp2, kp3, and ip2. Qualitatively, only bone contacts were significantly different among the assessments, and the p3 results differed from the p1 and p2 results. The other results were statistically equivalent. CONCLUSIONS: The registration of peri-implant details was influenced by the image acquisition protocol, although metal artifacts were produced in all situations. The evaluators preferred the Kodak 9000 3D cone beam computer tomography in most cases. The evaluators identified buccal bone defects better with cone beam computer tomography and identified peri-implant bone defects better with digital periapical radiography.

Peri-implant assessment via cone beam computed tomography and digital periapical radiography: an ex vivo study

OBJECTIVES: This research evaluated detail registration in peri-implant bone using two different cone beam computer tomography systems and a digital periapical radiograph. METHODS: Three different image acquisition protocols were established for each cone beam computer tomography apparatus, and three clinical situations were simulated in an ex vivo fresh pig mandible: buccal bone defect, peri-implant bone defect, and bone contact. Data were subjected to two analyses: quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative analyses involved a comparison of real specimen measures using a digital caliper in three regions of the preserved buccal bone - A, B and E (control group) - to cone beam computer tomography images obtained with different protocols (kp1, kp2, kp3, ip1, ip2, and ip3). In the qualitative analyses, the ability to register peri-implant details via tomography and digital periapical radiography was verified, as indicated by twelve evaluators. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). RESULTS: The quantitative assessment showed means statistically equal to those of the control group under the following conditions: buccal bone defect B and E with kp1 and ip1, peri-implant bone defect E with kp2 and kp3, and bone contact A with kp1, kp2, kp3, and ip2. Qualitatively, only bone contacts were significantly different among the assessments, and the p3 results differed from the p1 and p2 results. The other results were statistically equivalent. CONCLUSIONS: The registration of peri-implant details was influenced by the image acquisition protocol, although metal artifacts were produced in all situations. The evaluators preferred the Kodak 9000 3D cone beam computer tomography in most cases. The evaluators identified buccal bone defects better with cone beam computer tomography and identified peri-implant bone defects better with digital periapical radiography.

Saúde bucal do idoso institucionalizado em dois asilos de Passo Fundo - RS / Oral health in institucionalizated elderly patients in two care centers in Passo Fundo - RS

Objetivo: Investigar a situação de saúde bucal da população idosa dos asilos São José e Nossa Senhora da Luz, de Passo Fundo/RS. Métodos: Realizou-se um exame clínico em 107 idosos avaliando as condições de saúde bucal no tocante a higiene bucal, doença periodontal, edentulismo, alterações fisiológicas, infecção da mucosa por fungo Candida bem como hábito do fumo, uso de medicamentos e de próteses dessa população. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste estatístico qui-quadrado a 5% de significância. Resultados: Os 107 pacientes analisados possuíam idades entre 52 e 106 anos (média = 76,16, d.p.= 9,53). Dos entrevistados, 61,6% eram mulheres, com idade média de 78 anos. Ainda, 26,2% da amostra era composta por fumantes e, destes, 67,8% eram do sexo masculino. Dos pacientes que faziam uso de medicação (81,3%), a maioria utilizava cardiovasculares (53,3%) e benzodiazepínicos (42,1%), ambos associados com xerostomia. A higiene bucal foi considerada precária em 87,8% dos idosos e estava relacionada com gengivite e periodontite em pacientes dentados. O edentulismo esteve presente em 68,2% dos indivíduos e, destes, 53,4% faziam uso de prótese total superior e, 30,1% de prótese total inferior. Notou-se que 41,13% dos pesquisados apresentavam algum tipo de candidíase. Conclusão: A má higiene bucal associada ao hábito do fumo, utilização de medicamentos e uso prolongado das mesmas próteses provoca uma degradação da saúde bucal do idoso institucionalizado, produzindo, conseqüentemente, impactos desfavoráveis na qualidade de vida.

Objective: Considering that oral health, as well as general health are fundamental for maintaining the quality of life, the objective of this study was to investigate the oral health of the elderly population in the São José and Nossa Senhora da Luz Care Centers in Passo Fundo/ RS, Brazil. Methods: a clinical examination was performed in 107 elderly patients, to evaluate the oral health status as regards periodontal disease, edentulism, physiological alterations, and mucosa infection by the Candida fungus, smoking habit, use of medications and denture use and conditions of this population. The data were submitted to statistical Chi-square test at 5% of significance. Results: 107 patients, ranging from 52 to 106 years old, were assessed (average = 76.16, d.p. = 9.53). Among the interviewed, 61.6% were women, aged 78 years. Furthermore, 26.2% of the sample were smokers, of whom 67.8% were men. Among patients using medication (81.3%), the majority used cardiovascular (53.3%) and benzodiazepines (42.1%), both associated with dry mouth. The oral hygiene was considered precarious in 87.8% of the elderly and was linked to gingivitis and periodontitis in patients with teeth. Edentulism was present in 68.2% of the individuals, among whom 53.4% used complete maxillary dentures and 30.1% complete mandibular dentures. It was observed that 41.13% of those surveyed had some type of candidiasis. Conclusions: Poor oral hygiene linked to the habit of smoking, use of drugs and prolonged use of these dentures leads to a deterioration of the oral health in elderly institutionalized persons, with consequent unfavorable impacts on the quality of life.